Timeline of Legal Milestones on Sexual and Reproductive Rights in Latin America

The Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court of El Salvador ruled that the Constitution prohibits discrimination on the basis of gender identity and gave the legislature one year to develop a mechanism by which anyone can change their name to be compatible with their gender identity.

In this ruling, the Court established the legality of voluntary abortion up to 24 weeks of gestation, maintaining the system of grounds for cases that exceed that limit.

The Supreme Court invalidated a provision of the Civil Code of Puebla that required a person to be 18 years old in order to request a new birth certificate, for violating the right to gender identity of trans children and adolescents.

In this decision the Court recognizes the category of "non-binarie" for the registration of persons.

The purpose of this law is to recognize and guarantee the rights of women during pregnancy, labor, delivery, postpartum and gestational and perinatal mourning with freedom of decision, conscience and respect; as well as to recognize and guarantee the rights of newborns.

This law amends several legal bodies to regulate, on equal terms, marriage between persons of the same sex. It includes the concepts of sexual orientation and gender identity.

The Supreme Court's decision unanimously invalidates the section of Coahuila's Penal Code that punishes consensual abortion with one to three years in prison. It also requires local and federal judges to follow the court's reasoning when deciding abortion-related cases. In this ruling, the Supreme Court recognized for the first time the right of women and pregnant persons to have an abortion without the criminal consequences.

The Court considered that it is unconstitutional to grant the status of person to the embryo or fetus, since in this way decisions are being made that go against reproductive autonomy. Consequently, it decided to invalidate part of article 4° Bis A, section I, of the Political Constitution of the State of Sinaloa, which established the protection of the right to life "from the moment an individual is conceived, is under the protection of the corresponding law, until his or her death".

In this ruling, the Supreme Court determined the unconstitutionality of the ninety-day deadline to perform a voluntary termination of pregnancy in the case of rape, a limitation established in Article 181 of the Penal Code of the state of Chiapas.

The Court determined that Article 10 Bis of the General Health Law, which broadly established the right to conscientious objection, did not guarantee care to all persons, and, that discriminatory acts could be conducted by virtue of the exercise of this right.

Law No. 27.610 regulates access to voluntary and legal termination of pregnancy and postabortion care for all persons with gestational capacity. It is of mandatory application throughout the country. As of this law, Law 27.610, women and people with other gender identities have the right to terminate their pregnancies: - Up to the fourteenth (14) week, without the need to explain the reasons for their decision. - When the pregnancy is the result of rape or if her life or health is in danger. Likewise, all persons have the right to post-abortion care regardless of whether or not the abortion occurred in the situations provided by law, and to access to contraceptive methods.

Article 53 of this law determines that the institutions that provide health services must implement actions to guarantee sexual and reproductive health care for persons with disabilities. It also establishes that the autonomy of women with disabilities must be respected in family planning processes and in cases of sterilizations, based on their free and informed consent.

In this sentence the Federal Supreme Court states that people have the subjective right to change the name and gender classification in the birth certificate, without the need for surgical procedure reassignment surgery. It establishes this decision on the Principles of human dignity, personality, privacy, "isonomy", health and happiness.

This decree regulates Article 6 of Law 19.580 on Gender-Based Violence against Women. It establishes that health service providers must adopt the necessary measures to ensure that women's care during the preconception consultation, pregnancy, birth and puerperium, as well as that of newborns, complies with the principles of the humanized-respectful care model. In particular, it determines that clinical practice should respect the right of every woman to be treated with respect, to be informed and to be accompanied by a trusted emotional support person throughout labor.

The purpose of this law is to establish the guidelines for the development of public policy for the prevention of infertility and its treatment within the parameters of reproductive health.

The Constitution of the Republic recognizes sexual orientation and gender identity.

The Constitution of the Republic recognizes and protects sexual and reproductive rights.

The purpose of this Law is to ensure the right of trans persons to a life free of discrimination and stigmatization, for which it establishes mechanisms, measures and comprehensive policies for prevention, care, protection, advocacy and redress. It recognizes the right of every person to the free development of his or her personality in accordance with his or her gender identity and establishes that every trans person has the right to comprehensive care in order to adapt his or her body to his or her gender identity.

Recognizes and protects the right to gender identity.

In this decision, the Mexican Supreme Court granted the amparo to CLM and ordered the Civil Registry to process her request, in order to allow her to go through a formal and administrative procedure to obtain the adjustment of her gender identity. The Court noted that gender identity is a constitutive and constituent element of a person's identity.

In this decision, the Court ratified that the legal debate on the fundamental right to the Voluntary Interruption of Pregnancy (IVE in spanish) is concluded and upheld the order directed to the Ministry of Health to issue a regulation on the matter, in order to overcome the barriers preventing access to abortion. The Court includes all the jurisprudential precedent on IVE and ratifies the standards (rules and sub-rules) for the protection and guarantee of this right, which are mandatory (Source: The right to abortion in Colombia).

The law defines gynecological and obstetric violence among the types of violence.

Article 6 of Law 19,580 includes obstetric violence as one of the manifestations of gender-based violence and defines it as ""any action, omission and pattern of behavior performed by health personnel in the reproductive processes of a woman and that affects her autonomy to decide freely about her body and/or abuse of invasive techniques and procedures"".

In this ruling, the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice admitted an action brought by several citizens who, based on the right to the free development of their personality provided for in Article 20 of the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, request the recognition of their rights to change their names and gender.

The law authorizes the termination of pregnancy, performed by a surgeon with the woman's consent, in three cases: 1° If she is in life-threatening danger, in order to avoid a danger to her life; 2° if the embryo or fetus suffers from a congenital pathology of a lethal nature, that is, incompatible with its independent life once outside the uterus; and 3° if the pregnancy is the result of rape, at up to 12 weeks of gestation, a term that is extended to 14 weeks if the girl is under fourteen years of age.

In this ruling the Court establishes the constitutionality of Law 807, although it declares as unconstitutional the paragraph II of Article 11 in its sentence ""...will allow the person to exercise all fundamental, political, labor, civil, economic and social rights..."".

The purpose of this law is to establish policies and strategies for the prevention of violence against women, mechanisms for attention and measures for protection, punishment and comprehensive reparation. It defines violence against reproductive rights as the action that impedes, limits or violates the right of women to freely decide the number of children they wish to have; to receive information, guidance, comprehensive care and treatment during pregnancy or loss of pregnancy, childbirth, puerperium and breastfeeding; to exercise safe motherhood; or to choose safe contraceptive methods. In addition, it defines obstetric violence as violence exercised by health personnel over women's bodies and the physiological or pathological processes present during pregnancy, and as dehumanizing treatment that violates women's human rights.

The purpose of this standard is to establish the minimum criteria for medical care for women during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium. It determines that care should be comprehensive and focused on considering human reproduction as an expression of reproductive rights, promoting co-responsibility in health care for the woman, her partner, the community and health personnel. Care for women during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium and for newborns must be provided with quality and respect for their human rights, especially their dignity and cultural heritage, providing psychological support during their development. In addition, it establishes that no person providing gynecology and obstetrics services shall discriminate against or exercise any type of violence against women in labor.

The Law establishes the procedure for the change of name and sex data of transsexual and transgender persons, allowing them to exercise their right to gender identity.

In this ruling, the Court establishes some limits to conscientious objection regarding abortion, by specifying that only those who are directly involved in the procedure may object.

In this decision the Court establishes that the fundamental right to voluntary termination of pregnancy is NOT limited to the performance of the medical procedure, but also involves basic components of information, accessibility and availability of services by health care providers. In addition, the Court states that there are no time limitations for the performance of the abortion procedure in the grounds set forth in Ruling C-355 of 2006, being mandatory even at later stages of pregnancy. (Source El derecho al aborto en Colombia)

In this decision the Court settled the interpretations about the protection of prenatal life, stating that the determination of the legal existence of the person from birth does not violate the duty to protect life from conception, established in Article 4.1 of the American Convention, since life as a value is a constitutionally relevant good, but does not have the same degree of protection as the right to life. (Source The right to abortion in Colombia).

This law recognizes gender identity and regulates the change of the field "sex" to "gender" in the Identity Card.

Through this regulation, the Legislature amends Law No. 156 in order to clarify the scope of its provisions. In particular, it specifies the right of the woman in labor to be accompanied by a person of her choice and establishes greater safeguards to the right of the expectant mother to be informed prior to consenting any particular procedure.

This ruling of the Constitutional Court represents a departure from previous constitutional doctrine in relation to the right to gender identity. The departure from this jurisprudential doctrine will allow judicial bodies to protect the right to identity and legal personality of transsexual persons, since there will be no impediment, either legal or jurisprudential, to guarantee these rights.

This law establishes that actions must be implemented in order to assess the sexual and reproductive wellbeing of people between 10 and 19 years of age, ensuring the provision of contraceptive methods for the prevention of unplanned pregnancies, as well as for the prevention of STIs.

This is a landmark ruling of great importance in the consolidation of the normative framework regarding abortion, especially in relation to the grounds of sexual violence and risk to the life and health of the woman. In this decision, the Court states that the right to abortion is a fundamental right of women in Colombia. The voluntary termination of pregnancy falls within the category of reproductive rights, which, are recognized as human rights. It also establishes that all victims of sexual violence have the right to abortion, which will be guaranteed through priority attention and medical urgency, regardless of the time elapsed between the moment of the aggression and the consultation, and regardless of the existence of a criminal complaint. (Source El derecho al aborto en Colombia)

This ruling, establishes that each person has the right to autonomously define their sexual and gender identity and to have the data recorded in the civil registry correspond to their identity definition, which is constitutionally protected by the provisions that guarantee the free development of personality (art. 16 CP), the recognition of legal personality (art. 14 CP), and respect for human dignity in the three manifestations identified above: (i) right to live as one wants; (ii) right to live well; (iii) right to live without humiliation. In the present case, the three dimensions are relevant, especially the first and the third, since the lack of correspondence between the sexual and gender identity that a person assumes and that which is registered in his identity documents implies denying the person a constitutive dimension of their personal autonomy (the right to live as one wishes), which in turn can become the object of rejection and discrimination by others (right to live without humiliation) and hinder the employment opportunities that allow access to the material conditions necessary for a dignified life (right to live well).

The Civil Code establishes a chapter on "General rules regarding filiation by assisted human reproduction techniques"

In this case, the Public Prosecutor's Office complains that, since no psychiatrist participated in the report of the Advisory Commission on Gender Identity, the petitioner should have provided a report from a professional treating her mental health, or undergone an expert opinion. The petitioner, on the other hand, states that it is illegitimate to condition the right to a change of name and registered sex to the performance of medical treatments, since it would be an arbitrary interference in the private life (art. 12 Universal Declaration, 17 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights). The Court ruled that the law does not establish how the multidisciplinary team specialized in gender identity and diversity, to be constituted within the General Directorate of the Civil Status Registry, will be conformed, so it cannot be understood that there is any illegality whatsoever. Finally, it states that the law is clear in granting a special value to the testimony of the people who know the daily life of the petitioner and that of the professionals who have attended him/her from a social, mental and physical point of view, which in no way can be confused with the need for such evidence.

The purpose of the Code is to recognize, develop and regulate the exercise of the rights of children and adolescents, implementing a Plurinational Comprehensive System for Children and Adolescents, to guarantee these rights through the co-responsibility of the State at all levels, family and society. It contains a specific section related to sexual and reproductive health of children and adolescents, and establishes measures related to comprehensive sexuality education.

In this decision the Court establishes that there is right to abortion in case of rape, incest or threat to life or health. It also states that judicial authorization is not required, nor is a complaint of rape, and urges the powers of the State to take measures to guarantee sexual and reproductive rights.

Causes of non-punishability for abortion are established

Law 19.167 regulates assisted human reproduction techniques, establishing the State's duty to guarantee that these procedures are included in the benefits of the National Health System.

This law aims to guarantee women's right to a life free of violence. It establishes that women have the right to decide about their reproductive life in accordance with the law, as well as to decide the number of pregnancies and when to have them. It defines violence against reproductive freedom as that which violates the right of women to decide freely and responsibly the number of pregnancies or the interval between births. As for obstetric violence it defines it as that which is exercised by health personnel over the body and reproductive processes of women, whether expressed in abusive, dehumanizing, humiliating or rude treatment.

The law defines violence against reproductive rights as one of the types of violence.

It defines sexual and reproductive health attention, and also establishes comprehensiveness and interculturality as guiding principles.

Article 65 of this law determines the creation of the Department of Prevention and Health, whose purpose is to guarantee that the general policy of health and prevention services ensures that persons with disabilities have effective access to adequate care for their physical and mental health, including sexual and reproductive health, as well as early detection and intervention, when appropriate, as well as services aimed at preventing and reducing the development of new disabilities.

The purpose of this law is to guarantee and ensure the effective exercise of the rights of persons with disabilities, through the adoption of measures of inclusion, affirmative action and reasonable adjustments and eliminating all forms of discrimination due to disability.

This law, which creates the statute of youth citizenship, states that there shall be no discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity, in addition to establishing that young people have the right to the full enjoyment of their sexual and reproductive health, for which reason the State shall create prevention, training and information policies with a differential and responsible approach.

The law establishes the right to modify personal data in the registry: change the name, image and registered sex. Access to hormonal treatments and total or partial surgical interventions to adapt the body to the chosen identity. Develop the personality in accordance with the chosen identity. In 2018, this regulation was abolished by the Comprehensive Law for trans persons.

The Supreme Court clarified the scope of non-punishable abortion and said that these cases should not be prosecuted. It interpreted the Penal Code by saying that the termination of pregnancy resulting from any kind of rape is not punishable and that any case of non-punishable abortion is not subject to judicial proceedings, and urged the implementation of hospital protocols.

It establishes the right to the termination of an unwanted or unplanned pregnancy within the first 12 weeks of gestation, and the obligation of the institutions to guarantee access to those who require the service. After this term, the law determines that the termination of pregnancy may be performed when it implies a serious risk to health; when a pathological process incompatible with extrauterine life is verified and when it is the result of a rape proven by a judicial accusation, within fourteen weeks of gestation.

This law establishes that the State guarantees that persons with disabilities have access to comprehensive, quality health services implemented with quality infrastructure, equipment and trained human resources, including rehabilitation and sexual and reproductive health.

The law guarantees the Sexual and Reproductive Rights of persons with disabilities, and recognizes their right to decide freely about their sexuality and reproductive rights, and acknowledges their sexual diversity.

Incorporates the insertion of Intrauterine Device (IUD) as a mandatory service in the Comprehensive Health Programs.

With this decision the SC establishes the unconstitutionality of the interpretation according to which the termination of pregnancy of an anencephalic fetus is a conduct typified in articles 124, 126 and 128, paragraphs I and II, of the Penal Code. It endorses the legal abortion of proven anencephalic fetuses.

The purpose of this law is to ensure the minimum conditions for the exercise of all persons' right to decide the number and frequency of the birth of their children and to receive adequate services, as well as proper assistance to the woman and the newborn during childbirth. For this purpose, resources for the provision of contraceptives and delivery kits are assured and the right of every woman to receive these supplies free of charge, according to her voluntary and informed choice, is established.

Article 4 of the Mexican Constitution establishes that everyone has the right to decide freely, responsibly and in an informed manner on the number and spacing of their children.

It establishes that the Ministry of Health will provide information, education, hygiene, preventive and healing sexual and reproductive health services to men and women with disabilities throughout their life cycle; the reduction of maternal mortality.

This law amends the Health Code to authorize midwives to prescribe contraceptives.

It specifies that the State establishes as fundamental rights in the area of comprehensive health, sexual health and reproductive health: the right to receive qualified information on matters related to these rights; the right to receive risk prevention services in this matter; and the right to comprehensive care. It determines that all persons, without any discrimination whatsoever and at all stages of their lives, must be guaranteed access to educational information, free and good quality services for comprehensive health care in the design, implementation and evaluation of health policies and plans. In addition, quality health services during fertilization, implantation, pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium should also be guaranteed to all women, without discrimination of any kind.

In this ruling, the Court indicates that it is not possible to require a court order for the practice of abortion, and that the evaluation of the medical condition of a pregnancy is not the responsibility of women, but an obligation that corresponds to the entity providing health services, in order to verify whether any cause for abortion is present. In addition, the Court indicates that there is no gestational age limit for access to abortion, although medical criteria must be taken into account for the practice of abortion at advanced gestational ages, without censuring the autonomous decisions of women about their health and reproductive autonomy. (Source The right to abortion in Colombia).

In this ruling, the Supreme Court declared the invalidity of the first paragraph of article 7 of the Political Constitution of the State of Baja California, regarding the normative portion that established the protection of life from the moment of conception. The Court understood that the challenged normative portion, even though it intends to protect prenatal life -a good deserving of constitutional protection-, is unconstitutional, since, while protecting prenatal life, it violates the dignity of women and their fundamental rights, particularly their reproductive and health rights.

This sentence declares the invalidity of the first paragraph of article 16 of the Constitution of San Luis Potosi, which established the protection of life from conception. The Supreme Court stated that the protection of the constitutional value of life entails an affectation to the reproductive rights and health of women, who are prevented from exercising acquired rights, such as the right to health and the right to decide the number and spacing of children, as well as the right to use family planning methods, emergency contraceptives or in vitro fertilization as a means of assisted reproduction.

As of this decree, contraceptive methods became a mandatory benefit for the entire National Comprehensive Health System. The methods covered include: monophasic and triphasic combined hormonal oral contraception, for use during breastfeeding, emergency contraception and male condoms.

In this ruling, the Peruvian Supreme Court considers that ovodonation is not legislated and, therefore, does not constitute an illicit act or crime. For this reason, since the technique used is legal, it determines that the agreement signed is valid.

This standard regulates issues related to information, counseling and services related to fertility regulation, in particular access to contraceptive methods, including emergency contraception.

The law establishes sexual orientation and gender identities as protected categories and defines homophobia and transphobia.

The purpose of this Law is to create a legal framework to implement the necessary mechanisms to improve the health and quality of life of women and newborns, and to promote human development by ensuring women's maternity, through universal, timely and free access to timely, accurate and complete information and quality services before and during pregnancy, childbirth or postpartum, to prevent and progressively eradicate maternal and neonatal mortality. Among its purposes is to guarantee universal, timely and quality access to maternal-neonatal services, including family planning, differentiated care for adolescents, respecting the cultural relevance and geographic location of Guatemalan women, among others.

Regulates the creation of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services throughout the country and establishes the benefits to be provided by such services, which must include universal access to safe and reliable contraceptive methods.

Determines the inclusion of tubal ligation and vasectomy in Comprehensive Health Programs.

Law 18.620 establishes the right of every person to the free development of his or her personality in accordance with his or her own gender identity. At the same time, it enables the change of name and gender in the identification documents without the performance of surgeries, recognizing the right to be identified in a way that recognizes the gender identity.

This is a comprehensive law to prevent, punish and eradicate violence against women in the spheres in which they develop their interpersonal relationships and proposes a broad approach to the problem of aggression against women. It defines obstetric violence, reproductive violence and institutional violence as key types of violence in the approach to sexual and reproductive rights. In addition, it establishes actions of the three branches of government and proposes the participation of the Supreme Court, judges and security forces.

This standard establishes that in case of pregnancy due to rape, and upon authorization by the competent authority, under the terms of the applicable legislation, public institutions providing medical care services must provide abortion services at the request of the victim concerned, in the case of a minor, at the request of her father and/or mother, or in their absence, of her guardian, or in accordance with the applicable legal provisions.

In this ruling the Court develops standards regarding the self-determination and reproductive autonomy of women as a fundamental component for the exercise of the right to abortion. (Source: The right to abortion in Colombia)

In this ruling, the Court places special emphasis on the rules for the exercise of conscientious objection in the care of abortion cases, as well as on the obligations and duties of providers and officials. This is the first ruling, after C-355 of 3006, which reiterates that the concepts of psychologists are valid for abortion. (Source: The right to abortion in Colombia)

In this ruling, the Court vindicates the constitutionality of sexual and reproductive rights and identifies the differences and scope of each.

This is a comprehensive law on SRHR that aims to promote national sexual and reproductive health policies and programs. Among its specific objectives are: to promote humanized childbirth, guaranteeing intimacy and privacy; to promote the development of assistance programs with a strategy to reduce risk and harm, including a protocol for comprehensive care in cases of ""unwanted-unaccepted pregnancy""; and to guarantee universal access to contraceptive methods.

It determines the Ministry of Health's obligation to establish plans and programs that enable women and men, without any distinction and at all stages of their lives, to have access to comprehensive health care services, information, education, hygiene and low-cost and good quality services; preventive and healing, sexual and reproductive health services and the reduction of maternal mortality.

Declares Emergency Contraception Unconstitutional

Recognizes sexual and reproductive rights and recognizes and protects the right to gender identity.

In this ruling, the Court sets a series of standards regarding conscientious objection to abortion. In addition, the Court sets new rules for health care providers in this matter and the legal consequences in case of non-compliance (Source: El derecho al aborto en Colombia).

This is a historic and groundbreaking ruling in the Mexican legal system in terms of the recognition of women's sexual and reproductive rights. In this ruling, the Court decided that it was the legislator's power to define the protection of such right and the reforms that legalize the interruption of pregnancy are not contrary to the Mexican Constitution.

The Constitutional text recognizes the right to sexual and reproductive health.

The constitution recognizes gender identity and sexual orientation as protected categories.

It establishes as a guideline for the Executive Power, regional governments and local governments, the duty to guarantee the right to health in terms of availability, quality, acceptability and accessibility to services, with special emphasis on the enforcement of sexual and reproductive rights, the prevention of teenage pregnancy, and the right to safe motherhood.

The purpose of this law is to guarantee and promote the right of women to a life free of violence, creating conditions to prevent, address, punish and eradicate violence against women in any of its manifestations and within any sphere. It considers obstetric violence as a form of violence defined as the appropriation of women's bodies and reproductive processes by health personnel, which is expressed in a dehumanizing treatment, in an abuse of medicalization and pathologization of natural processes, resulting in the loss of autonomy and the ability to decide freely about their bodies and sexuality, negatively impacting women's quality of life.

This law establishes that all children and adolescents have the right to be informed and educated, according to their development, on sexual and reproductive health for responsible, healthy, voluntary and safe sexual activity and parenthood. The State, with the participation of society, must guarantee sexual and reproductive health care services and programs for all children and adolescents. These services and programs must be affordable, confidential, safeguard the right to privacy of children and adolescents and respect their free consent, based on timely and accurate information. Adolescents over fourteen years of age have the right to request and receive these services on their own.

In this judgment, the Court reviewed the main arguments that led to the decriminalization of abortion on grounds for abortion in ruling C-355 of 2006 and pointed out that these arguments are mandatory, as it went into more detail about the violation of rights due to additional requirements to those established in ruling C-355 to allow the voluntary termination of pregnancy. In addition, this is the first ruling in which the Court establishes a rule for cases of abortion in women with disabilities.

The Court gives scope to Ruling C-355 of 2006 and to international instruments on Sexual and Reproductive Rights, to recognize that such rights are human rights and fundamental constitutional rights, and that, therefore, they are susceptible to be protected through the tutela action. The Court clarified that the Right to Diagnosis, as it is related to the protection of other fundamental rights, is susceptible to be protected through the tutela action. (Source The Right to Abortion in Colombia)

This law provides that every woman has the right to be accompanied by a person she trusts during labor, delivery and at the moment of birth.

This ruling decriminalizes abortion in three cases: when the continuation of the pregnancy constitutes a danger to the life or health of the woman, when there is a serious malformation of the child that makes its life unviable, and when the pregnancy is the result of a denounced conduct of carnal intrusion or sexual act without consent, artificial insemination, non-consensual fertilized egg transfer or incest.

The purpose of the Law is to regulate the actions that allow the effective fulfillment of the universal right to health as established in the Political Constitution of the Republic and the law. It is ruled by the principles of equity, integrality, solidarity, universality, unrenounceability, indivisibility, participation, plurality, quality and efficiency; with a rights-based, intercultural, gender, generational and bioethical approach. (Art. 1)

It establishes that every pregnant woman at the time of labor, delivery and post-partum shall have the right: to be informed about the different medical interventions that may take place during the process, so that she may choose freely when there are different alternatives; to be treated with respect and in an individual and personalized approach, guaranteeing her privacy and emotional intimacy throughout the process; and to be accompanied by persons of her trust and choice during labor, delivery and post-partum, including the cesarean section procedure.

This law establishes that all persons of legal age have the right to have access to the performance of the practices called ""tube ligation"" and ""vasectomy"" in the services of the health system. (art.1)

In this ruling, the Constitutional Court declared justified the demand for compliance against the Ministry of Health, in order to comply with Ministerial Resolutions N 465-99 SA/DM and 399-01 SA/DM, which guarantee the provision and information on the emergency oral contraceptive (EOC) in all establishments under its charge, and order to comply with its obligation to inform and distribute the Emergency Oral Contraceptive Pill free of charge.

The Constitutional Court recognizes the right to identity, highlighting the role of the birth certificate and the National Identity Card as means for the exercise of such rights. Thus, it declares the claim founded and orders the expedition of the National Identity Document, with the name changed by court order, at the request of a transsexual person, without changing the data related to the place of birth, sex and age.

This ruling refers to the case of a woman who underwent a sex change surgery and requested the correction of her original birth certificate, in terms of name and sex, as of the date of the surgery, in order to adjust her birth certificate to her new situation. The Supreme Court of Justice of Uruguay by majority granted the request in the referred ruling, referring to several rights, including the right to the dignity of each person and the right to one's own identity, thus allowing the interested party to marry a person of female sex.

The purpose of this Law is to ensure the population's access to family planning services, including information, counseling, education on sexual and reproductive health and the provision of family planning methods. The Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance, and other public and private entities of the health sector, must guarantee the sustainable maintenance of all modern methods of spacing pregnancies in the establishments of the public health network, which allows to adequately respond to the demand of the population and ensures universal access to such methods.

This law, called "" Rights of Parents and Children during the Birth Process"", regulates the rights at the moment of birth and establishes obligations for health care providers at different levels.

The objective of this Standard is to standardize the operative criteria, policies and strategies for the provision of family planning services in Mexico, within a framework of absolute freedom and respect for the individual's decision and following a systematic counseling process, based on the application of a holistic approach to reproductive health. It establishes that family planning services must provide information, orientation, counseling, selection, prescription, contraindications and application of fertility control methods, identification and referral in cases of sterility and infertility, prevention of sexually transmitted infections, maternal and child care, preconception risk detection, timely detection of cervical and breast cancer, as well as handling of perimenopause and postmenopause. The provision of services should be granted in a comprehensive manner with quality and warmth to the entire population.

This law establishes the framework for the enactment of regulations on equal opportunities for women, and establishes that sexual and reproductive health policies will be implemented, with emphasis on women with disabilities.

This Law creates the National Program of Sexual Health and Responsible Childbearing within the scope of the Ministry of Health.

In this ruling, the CSJN orders the National State - National Ministry of Health and Social Action, National Administration of Medicines and Medical Technology - to cancel the authorization, prohibiting the manufacture, distribution and marketing of the drug "Imediat" (a brand of emergency contraception).

This law establishes that health institutions must ensure appropriate services for young people in order to reduce the rates of youth with preventable immune diseases, sexually transmitted diseases and maternal mortality due to early pregnancies.

It establishes the right of every person to obtain information and services on sexual health, sex education, prevention and care of sexually transmitted diseases for the optional regulation of fertility, including access to safe, effective, affordable and acceptable methods, assuming the decision in this regard in a free, responsible and informed manner.

Article 76 of the Venezuelan Constitution establishes the right of couples to decide freely and responsibly the number of children they wish to conceive and to be provided with the information and means to ensure the exercise of this right. The State shall guarantee assistance and integral protection to maternity, in general from the moment of conception, during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium, and shall ensure comprehensive family planning services.

This law recognizes the right of all persons to freely choose the contraceptive method of their choice, including natural methods, and to receive, adequate information on the available methods, prior to the prescription or application of any contraceptive method. At the same time, it recognizes the right of every person to undergo infertility treatment, as well as to conceive through the use of assisted reproduction techniques, as long as the condition of genetic mother and gestational mother lies with the same person.

The present law establishes as a duty of the State, through the Unified Health System, in association, as the case may be, with the component entities of the educational system, to promote the information, educational, technical and scientific conditions and resources that ensure the free exercise of family planning. (art. 5).